This is not unlike the practice of risk management where measures are used to interfere with the natural At a quantum level, the act of measuring affects what we observe. It's only when we take the measurement that one is made more certain and the other less so. We don’t want the measurement of what “is” to affect what “will be.” To limit the effect we isolate the measurement from the reality we are observing.

QC: The Reactive Measures At its core, QC is a set of activities focused on identifying and addressing QC involves inspections, testing, and other validation measures to catch errors or problems before a QA: The Proactive Measures In contrast, QA takes a more proactive and holistic approach to quality. activities such as: Establishing clear quality standards and processes Implementing quality control measures QA as the Measure of Assurance As the role of QA has evolved, it has become the primary measure of an

Meeting all these obligations requires measures of conformance, measures of performance, measures of effectiveness, and measures of assurance.

We measure outputs, find deviations, and take corrective action. It requires outputs to be measured first. By the time a deviation is measured, an AI system may have made thousands of decisions. They measure success by whether it works. That is understandable. It is also a narrow measure.

A system is a process connected to other elements, most importantly to measurement. This can be done through audit or, better, through measurement embedded in the process itself. Each needs its own measures. A single measure cannot tell you which level is failing. The underlying idea is cybernetic.

There is one significant weakness of the feedback control loop which is that it requires outputs to be measured When it comes to risk and compliance objectives measuring outputs using a feedback-management-control

Consistency is a critical measure of performance and passing an audit is the measure of success.   Risk controls (measures) are put in place to ensure that objectives are achieved, and outputs are evaluated Meeting objectives is a critical measure of performance, and making progress is the measure of success

In fact, even when considering qualitative characteristics they are often mapped to quantitative measures Quantitative measurements are considered by many as better than qualitative measurements. One of the reasons given for this is that the former are objective whereas qualitative measurements are indicators are measured and monitored. That is a qualitative measure which requires a value judgment.

Minimal Viable Compliance (MVC) measurement—enough to demonstrate compliance effectiveness without waste Continuous Improvement Build-measure-learn cycles. initial risk assessment and minimal controls for highest-risk systems Evidence : Deploy controls and measure

This provides a measure of conformance at least at some level. This systems-first approach emphasizes system interactions so that a measure of effectiveness is achieved Not only is the system operational it is already demonstrating a measure of effectiveness.

additional uncertainty surrounding specific requirements that necessitate structured assurance and risk measures distinction is crucial for implementing effective management processes, technical controls, and risk measures Establish specific assurance protocols for these requirements, and Implement appropriate risk controls and measures

Although outcome-based goals tend to be more qualitative than performance goals quantitative measures These should be measurable, realistic, sustainable, and verifiable. The evaluation of these uncertainties will help to establish necessary risk measures across the life-cycle Ensure value-based evaluation criteria that validates outcomes and measures success meaningful to the The effectiveness of the system will be measured by the advancement of intermediate objectives as outlined